[1]Chung KC,Spilson SV.The frequency and epidemiology of hand and forearm fractures in the United States[J].J Hand Surg Am,2001,26(5):908-915.
[2]Koo OT,Tan DM,Chong AKS.Distal radius fractures:an epidemiological review[J].Orthopaedic Surgery,2013,5(3):209-213.
[3]Mattila VM,Huttunen TT,Sillanpää P,et al.Significant change in the surgical treatment of distal radius fractures:a nationwide study between 1998 and 2008 in Finland[J].J Trauma Acute Care Surg,2011,71(4):942-943.
[4]Thompson PW,Taylor J,Dawson A.The annual incidence and seasonal variation of fractures of the distal radius in men and women over 25 years in Dorset,UK[J].Injury,2004,35(5):462-466.
[5]Chung KC,Shauver MJ,Birkmeyer JD.Trends in the united states in the treatment of distal radial fractures in the elderly[J].J Bone Joint Surg(Am),2009,91(8):1868.
[6]Koval KJ,Harrast JJ,Anglen JO,et al.Fractures of the distal part of the radius.The evolution of practice over time.Where’s the evidence?[J].J Bone Joint Surgery-american Volume,2008,90(9):1855-1861.
[7]Nellans KW,Kowalski E,Chung KC.The epidemiology of distal radius fractures[J].Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica,2012,28(2):113-125.
[8]Handoll HH,Huntley JS,Madhok R.Different methods of external fixation for treating distal radial fractures in adults[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2008,23(1):CD006522.
[9]Handoll HH,Huntley JS,Madhok R.External fixation versus conservative treatment for distal radial fractures in adults[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2007,7(3):CD006194.
[10]Handoll HH,Madhok R.Surgical interventions for treatingdistal radial fractures in adults[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2003(3):CD003209.
[11]Handoll HH,Vaghela MV,Madhok R.Percutaneous pinning for treating distal radial fractures in adults[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2007,3(3):CD006080.
[12]Macintyre NJ,Dewan N.Epidemiology of distal radius fractures and factors predicting risk and prognosis[J].Journal of Hand Therapy,2016,29(2):136-145.
[13]Witzel K,Raschka C,Schiffhauer S,et al.Epidemiology and chrono-epidemiology of distal radius fractures[J].Zeitschrift Fur Orthopadie Und Ihre Grenzgebiete,2001,139(3):252.
[14]Broadbent MR,Quaba O,Hadjucka C,et al.The epidemiology of multifocal upper limb fractures[J].Scand J Surg,2003,92(3):220-223.
[15]Isam A,Michael P,Elisabeth B.Incidence and characteristics of distal radius fractures in a southern Swedish region[J].Bmc Musculoskelet Disord,2007,8(1):48.
[16]Farner S,Malkani A,Lau E,et al.Outcomes and cost of care for patients with distal radius fractures[J].Orthopedics,2014,37(10):866-878.
[17]Fanuele J,Koval KJ,Lurie J,et al.Distal radial fracture treatment:what you get may depend on your age and address[J].J Bone Joint Surg(Am),2009,91(6):1313-1319.
[18]Jupiter JB,Ring D,Weitzel PP.Surgical treatment of redisplaced fractures of the distal radius in patients older than 60 years[J].J Hand Surg,2002,27(4):714-723.
[19]Orbay JL,Fernandez DL.Volar fixedangle plate fixation for unstable distal radius fractures in the elderly patient[J].Journal of Hand Surgery,2004,29(1):96-102.
[20]Bartl C,Stengel D,Gülke J,et al.Clinical results following conservative and surgical treatment of osteoporotic distal radius fractures in the elderly[J].Der Unfallchirurg,2016,119(9):723-731.
[21]Chen Y,Chen X,Li Z,et al.Safety and Efficacy of operative versus nonsurgical management of distal radius fractures in elderly patients:a systematic review and meta-analysis.[J].J Hand Surg Am,2016,41(3):404-413.
[22]Ju JH,Jin GZ,Li GX,et al.Comparison of treatment outcomes between nonsurgical and surgical treatment of distal radius fracture in elderly:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Langenbecks Archives of Surgery,2015,400(7):767-779.
[23]Yuan Z,Yang Z,Liu Q,et al.Complications following open reduction and internal fixation versus external fixation in treating unstable distal radius fractures:grading the evidence through a meta-analysis[J].Orthop Traumatol Surg Res,2018,104(1):95-103.
[24]Walenkamp MMJ,Abdelali B,Beerekamp MSH,et al.Functional outcome in patients with unstable distal radius fractures,volar locking plate versus external fixation:a meta-analysis[J].Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr,2013,8(2):67-75.