摘要发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)在形态学上的异常表现主要是髋臼对股骨头的包裹减少,通常伴有较大的颈干角、前倾角以及股骨颈短缩。DDH的发生率为1%~10%,男女比约为1∶6,其中1/4的患者有家族遗传史。为了纠正髋臼对股骨头的覆盖不足,恢复髋关节的正常机械力学,减轻髋关节疼痛,髋臼周围截骨术(peri-acetabular osteotomy,PAO)是有效的手术方法之一。PAO手术是在1988年由Ganzs教授团队首次描述,但由于手术部位较深,髋臼周围大量的神经、血管分布,对外科医生手术技术的要求较高,所以医生的经验和手术入路的选择对手术并发症的发生有很大的影响。目前,PAO术中广泛使用的是改良Smith-Petersen入路(MSP入路)和髂腹股沟入路(I-I入路),但一种或两种单一的手术入路不能适用于所有患者的状况及要求,为了减少并发症及更加安全并精准地实施手术,外科医生一直在尝试探索不同的手术入路。尽管大多数医生会根据自己对骨盆解剖的认识和学习经验选择一种手术切口,但初学者了解并熟悉不同手术入路的显露,对骨盆的解剖有一个全方位、立体式的认识非常有必要。除了MSP入路、I-I入路外,文献报道的还有改良Bikini入路、Two-incision Smith-Peterson(TSP)入路、改良Stoppa联合髂棘入路、经缝匠肌微创入路、University of Colorado(CU)PAO入路(CUPAO),不同的手术入路孰优孰劣没有定论。目前尚未检索到将PAO的手术入路从切口大小、位置、手术步骤、术中暴露的难易点、术后并发症、优劣势等各个方面汇总起来的文献综述报道,此篇文章对PAO手术入路的国内外文献进行广泛查阅,探讨不同PAO手术入路的优劣势,为临床医生在行PAO手术时更好地选择入路提供参考。
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