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摘要 Harms和Rolinger于1982年在后路腰椎椎间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF)的基础上改良并首次提出经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF)。TLIF术通过切除关节突和部分椎板建立工作通路,进行椎管减压、椎间融合,相比PLIF术能保留腰椎后方的韧带、肌肉等组织,且疗效对比PLIF术并无明显不足。2003年,Foley等首次提出微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(minimally invasive surgery-transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,MIS-TLIF),基于软组织扩张建立工作通道,进一步减少了对于椎旁软组织的破坏,减少术中出血,降低并发症发生率。但是由于通道狭长,手术视野受限,需要较长时间的学习和练习以确保手术安全。相较于其他的微创腰椎椎间融合术,MIS-TLIF术并无明显差距,在临床上得到了广泛应用并获得满意的临床疗效。随着微创脊柱外科技术发展,组织损伤小、围手术期并发症发生率低、恢复快的内镜技术受到了广泛关注。过去的数十年间,经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除术(percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy,PELD)已经发展成为治疗各种退行性椎间盘病变的有效措施,广泛应用于腰椎间盘突出症和腰椎管狭窄症的治疗,并以此为基础发展出内镜下腰椎椎间融合术。根据使用内镜系统的不同,目前常用的内镜下经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术(endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,Endo-TLIF)可以分为经皮内镜下经椎间孔入路腰椎椎体间融合术(percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,PE-TLIF)和单侧双通道内镜技术(unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy,UBE)。随着手术技术的不断改进和椎间融合器的发展,腰椎椎间融合术的融合率在过去的几十年间不断增加,但术后仍有7%~20%的患者融合失败,在多节段融合和骨质疏松的患者中,融合失败的概率更高。自体髂骨移植(iliac crest bone grafting,ICBG)被认为是椎间融合的金标准,具有较高的融合率,但髂骨取骨可能会增加术中并发症和术后供区疼痛风险,融合器和植骨材料的发展从一定程度上避免了ICBG的缺陷,且能得到满意的融合率。本文对Endo-TLIF手术的研究现状有一个新的、全面的认识。
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通讯作者:
冯皓宇
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作者简介: 张博程(1996- ),男,研究生在读,山西医科大学第三医院,山西白求恩医院骨科,bc_spine@yeah.net |
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