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摘要 硫化氢(H2S)是一种无色、具有典型臭鸡蛋气味的有毒气体。近几十年来,许多文献已经报道H2S存在于生物系统中并具有多种生物学功能,其中最主要的功能是维持生理稳态。它和一氧化氮、一氧化碳一样是组织系统中内源性释放的气体递质,在大脑、心脏、肾脏、胃肠道、骨骼肌和骨骼中产生。在哺乳动物组织中,H2S主要在同型半胱氨酸代谢的转硫途径中内源产生,其中胱硫醚-β-合成酶(cystathionine-β-synthase,CBS)和胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶(cystathionine-γ-lyase,CSE)是生成H2S的两种关键酶。H2S不仅仅是这一途径的二次反应产物,而且是调节多种组织生理功能的重要因子。
H2S的合成和分布取决于组织特异性,CBS主要在骨髓间充质干细胞(bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSC)、中枢神经、回肠、肾脏及胰岛中表达,CSE主要在心脏、肾脏、血管内皮和血管平滑肌中大量表达。有报道指出,H2S通过调控BMSCs的表观遗传分化来维持骨骼合成代谢及稳态,这表明了H2S对骨的保护作用。还有研究表明H2S是免疫系统中维持T细胞内稳态的重要介体,它不仅可以起到抗氧化、抗炎,还具有平衡氧化还原和诱导抗氧化应激转录因子核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor,Nrf2)的作用,表明了H2S能够抗炎症性关节炎,体现了其对关节的保护作用。本文综述了H2S对骨骼及关节的保护作用及其分子机制。
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通讯作者:
闫景龙
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作者简介: 张博文(1995- ),男,研究生在读,哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院脊柱外科,zhangbowen1332@163.com。 |
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