摘要目的 探讨低磨损关节型骨水泥间隔器在75岁以上膝关节置换术后深度感染患者治疗中的作用,明确低磨损关节型骨水泥间隔器的临床疗效和使用价值。方法 回顾性分析我院自2015年6月到2018年6月因膝关节置换术后深度感染行关节型抗生素骨水泥间隔器的12例患者资料,其中男4例,女8例;年龄76~83岁,平均(78.33±2.19)岁;老年患者9例,高龄患者3例。统计患者术前、术后1周、2周、3个月及末次随访时的膝关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)和美国特种外科医院(the hospital special surgery,HSS)评分。结果 12例患者均获得随访,随访时间31~55个月,平均(36.58±8.85)个月;9例患者行二期翻修手术,二期翻修术后随访时间16~48个月,平均(31.56±9.28)个月。未行二期翻修手术的3例患者中,1例患者因内脑血栓死亡,带间隔器生存时间为(27.67±7.23)个月。行二期翻修手术的9例患者中,1例患者因肺癌死亡,带间隔器生存时间为(8±3.16)个月。12例患者间隔器均未出现断裂或脱位情况,一期术前ROM(66.67±9.85)°,带间隔器期间ROM(93.75±3.77)°,两者比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.204,P<0.05)。9例行二期翻修术后ROM(93.33±4.33)°,带间隔器期和二期翻修术后的ROM比较差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.347,P>0.05)。12例患者一期手术前膝关节HSS评分平均(52.22±5.71)分;带间隔器期间膝关节HSS评分(81.34±2.84)分,行二期翻修手术患者术后膝关节HSS评分(82.93±1.64)分。一期术前和带间隔器期膝关节HSS评分两组间差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.158,P<0.05);带间隔器期和二期翻修手术术后膝关节HSS评分两组间差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.425,P>0.05)。结论 低磨损关节型骨水泥间隔器可以有效控制膝关节深度感染和保留良好的膝关节功能,临床上二期翻修手术时间可以适当延后,给予老年患者机体充足的恢复时间;对于不适合行二期翻修手术或者拒绝再次手术且活动量少的高龄患者可以将其作为临时替代治疗。
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