摘要正常肩胛位置是肩胛肱关节正常运动所必需的，肩胛骨位置改变可导致相关肌肉长度和肩关节位置变化。Sahrmann将肩胛骨的理想排列位置定义为肩胛骨的椎体边缘与脊柱平行，距离胸腔中线7~8 cm，位于T2~7之间。肩胛功能障碍可能是由于肌肉骨骼因素引起的，包括持续的异常姿势、偏离正常运动模式的重复运动、肩胛-肱肌肌群和肩胛-胸廓肌群不平衡或神经系统异常。肩胛周围肌肉的协调激活是肩胛盂肱关节正常节律的必要条件。Sahrmann将肩胛下旋综合征(scapular down rotation syndrome，SDRS)描述为肩胛骨下角位于肩胛冈脊柱缘的内侧，而不是与脊柱平行的椎体边缘。SDRS可以影响肩胛区域肌肉的长度和张力，通常肩胛提肌、胸小肌和菱形肌较短，上斜方肌和前锯肌较长。现将SDRS研究进展予以综述。
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