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摘要 解剖学目前认为膝关节后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)由前外束(anterolateral bundle,ALB)和后内束(posteromedial bundle,PMB)组成。膝关节PCL是膝关节强度最大的韧带,其主要作用是防止正常膝关节胫骨后移,一旦断裂损伤,就会引起膝关节后向及旋转不稳定,严重影响患者膝关节功能。针对单独的PCL损伤,临床通常认为保守治疗可得到令人满意的效果。但近年发表的长期临床随访研究表明,保守治疗会导致膝关节内侧和髌股关节间隙出现早期骨关节炎表现,从而使整个膝关节功能下降。因此,临床医师广泛接受韧带重建手术,尽管业内对该手术适应证仍有争议。
目前,关节镜下后交叉韧带重建手术(posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,PCLR)是Ⅲ度或伴有后向不稳的PCL损伤的首选治疗方法。从技术发展角度而言,PCLR经历了从开放手术到在关节镜下单束重建(single bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,SB-PCLR)、双束重建(double bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,DB-PCLR)的转变。然而长期随访研究结果显示,并没有哪一种术式的重建效果非常确切,像膝关节前交叉韧带重建效果那样令人满意。因此,究竟哪种PCLR在恢复膝关节的稳定性方面更有优势、哪一种可以接近甚至复制完整膝关节的运动学水平,都是摆在运动医学和骨科医生面前的难题。本文就PCL单束、双束重建的基础和临床研究进展进行综述,探讨PCL重建这项技术进一步的研究方向。
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基金资助:北京市科学技术委员会-生物医药与生命科学创新培育研究项目(Z151100003915138)
国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(81560374)
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2018BS8002)
内蒙古医科大学科技百万工程联合项目[YKD2017KJBW(LH)057] |
通讯作者:
徐永胜
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作者简介: 齐岩松(1983- ),男,主治医师,内蒙古自治区人民医院骨关节科,010017。 |
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