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Abstract Objective To examine the correlations between the bacteria-culture sample during the debridement in the operation and its ability to confirm the causative pathogens of chronic osteomyelitis.Methods 255 patients with chronic osteomyelitis in our hospital from January 2007 to January 2014，were selected in the current study.There were 202 male and 53 female，with the average age of (45.2±16.5)years(15~84 years).Bacteria were sent to culture for 295 times in total，in which there were one sample for 63 times，two samples for 76 times，three samples for 51 times，four samples for 41 times，and five samples for 64 times.After finishing the bacterium culture，bacterial spectrum，population and its ability to confirm the pathogens were calculated and different samples were compared.Results 42 kinds of bacteria were examined in the bacteria culture，the top five bacteria were Staphylococcus Aureus(35.51%)，the Staphylococcus Epidermidis(14.29%)，Pseudomonas Aeruginosa(9.80%)，Enterobacter Cloacae(5.31%)，and Escherichia Coli(4.49%).Detection rate among different samples were：66.7%(one sample)，69.7%(Two samples)，74.5%(Three samples)，78.0%(Four samples)，and 90.6%(Five samples or above).Percentage of pathogens detected in different samples were 42.1%(Two samples)，51.9%(Three samples)，68.3%(Four samples)，and 82.8%(Five samples or above).The result of the comparison between two samples and four samples，two samples and five samples，three samples and five samples，were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Five samples sent to bacteria culture have the strongest detection ability of the causative pathogens，while one sample has the poorest detection ability.Therefore，at least five samples sent to bacteria culture to confirm the causative pathogen is recommended during the operation.
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