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摘要 前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)是膝关节重要的结构韧带,也是膝关节最常见的损伤韧带。ACL起自胫骨髁间隆突的前方内侧,与外侧半月板前角接合,斜向后上方外侧,纤维呈扇形附着于股骨外侧髁内侧,主要参与控制膝关节前向稳定和旋转稳定,其损伤多见于年轻的运动人员。随着我国近年来竞技体育的发展,群众性体育运动的普及,ACL损伤的患者也越来越常见,而导致ACL损伤的高危行为主要包括跳跃后着陆、飞奔急停、突然转向等。
为了更精准的剖析膝关节韧带损伤的异常步态模式,步态分析法逐渐被引入到相关的领域,并成为了科学评价ACL损伤的手段之一。既往研究表明,ACL损伤患者的步态模式将发生改变,通过研究患者的步行规律和步相差异可以准确揭示疾病与步态的关系。步态分析方法主要分为定性分析和定量分析。定性分析即通过目测,观察受试者自然步行时的姿态,结合经验或通过评定量表进行评估。定量分析则是借助步态分析系统,采集行走时的各项数据,并经由专业的分析软件评估步态情况。作者通过对大量文献检索阅读,现对步态分析在ACL损伤中的应用进行综述。
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通讯作者:
刘仪
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作者简介: 王奇奇(1996- ),男,研究生在读,南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院骨科,214000。 |
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