MicroRNA调控骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化研究进展

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摘要骨质疏松症(osteoporosis，OP)是最常见的骨骼疾病，是一种以骨量低、骨组织微结构损坏，导致骨脆性增加，易发生骨折的全身性骨病。随着人口老龄化，OP已经成为全世界关注的健康问题。有报道称在2006—2007年间全世界有2亿妇女受骨质疏松症影响，每年造成890多万例骨折，每3 s即发生1次骨质疏松性骨折。然而目前对OP的发病机制认识仍然有限。
骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells，BMSCs)是一类具有自我更新能力的多能干细胞，该细胞可以在体外培养并可以通过不同诱导液诱导为成骨细胞、软骨细胞、脂肪细胞等多种细胞类型。有研究表明与年龄有关的骨质疏松症与成骨细胞减少和骨髓中脂肪组织累积增加有关，因此，深入了解BMSCs成骨分化与成脂肪分化的分子机制对于了解OP的发病机制具有重要意义。
微小核糖核酸(micro ribonucleic acid，miRNA)是一类内生的、长度为20~29 nt的非编码小RNA，自从Lee等首次发现miRNA以来，越来越多的miRNA被人们所熟知。目前研究发现人类编码miRNA的基因约占总基因的3％，然而这些少量的miRNA所调控的人类编码基因却占了总数的40％~90％，广泛影响着细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等疾病的发生发展。研究表明多种miRNA参与BMSCs的分化，由于miRNA体积小，易于进入细胞，因此被认为是未来治疗OP的潜在方法。本文将对BMSCs成骨分化过程中涉及的主要四个信号通路Wnt、转化生长因子(transforming growth factor，TGF)-β、骨形态发生蛋白(bone morphogenetic protein，BMP)及Notch信号通路作一概述。

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	马林
	滕兆伟
	陆声 *

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(81660156)
云南省应用基础研究项目［2018FE001(-174)］
云南省重大科技专项计划(2017ZF025)

通讯作者: 陆声

作者简介: 马林(1992－ )，男，研究生在读，昆明医科大学解放军联勤保障部队第九二〇医院临床学院，650032。

引用本文:

马林，滕兆伟，陆声 *. MicroRNA调控骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化研究进展[J]. 实用骨科杂志, 2020, 26(3): 244-247.

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http://www.sygkzz.com/CN/ 或 http://www.sygkzz.com/CN/Y2020/V26/I3/244

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