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Abstract Objective To compare the effect of 3D printing technique，CT and X-ray assisting pedicle screw placement in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. Methods Sixty-six patients with thoracolumbar fractures treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two groups according to the treatment method.33 patients in the control group were treated with conventional CT and X-ray assisting pedicle screw operation and 33 patients in the observation group were treated with pedicle screw operation assisted with 3D printing.The indicators including operation time，intraoperative X-ray exposure，intraoperative blood loss，intraoperative blood transfusion，nail placement related information including number of staples，accurate nail placement，accuracy of nail placement.consistent screws including sagittal screw implantation angle，difference in screw internal inclination angle，difference in horizontal position of screw insertion point，reduction index of injured vertebrae including front and rear height ratio of injured vertebrae，sagittal kyphosis Cobb angle and complications were compared between the two groups during perioperative period.Results The operation time，intraoperative blood loss，intraoperative X-ray exposure and intraoperative blood transfusion in the observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P＜0.05).The nail placement accuracy of the observation group was 94.4%，which was significantly higher than that of control group (74.5%) (P＜0.05).Sagittal screw implantation angle，difference in screw internal inclination angle，difference in horizontal position of screw insertion point in the observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P＜0.05).After treatment，front and back height ratio of injured spine of two groups significantly increased(P＜0.05)，and the sagittal kyphosis Cobb angle of two groups significantly decreased(P＜0.05)；the front and back height ratio of injured spine of the observation groupwas significantly higher than that of the control group at 0.5 and 1 year after treatment (P＜0.05)，and the sagittal kyphosis Cobb angle of injured spine of the observation groupwas significantly lower than thatof the control group (P＜0.05).The complication rate of the observation group was 6.1%，which was lower than that of the control group (12.2%) (P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared with conventional CT and X-ray，3D-print assisted pedicle screw therapy in treatment of thoracolumbar fractures has the advantages of short operative time，less intraoperative blood loss and transfusion，low radiation damage，high accuracy of setting screws，correcting the spine deformity significantly and low complication.
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