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Abstract Objective To evaluate the clinical value of treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with high viscosity bone cement percutaneous vertebroplasty. Methods This was a prospective study.76 patients with one-level OVCF were diagnosed and treated in Shougang Hospital of Peking University from June 2015 to January 2017.All patients underwent unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty with high viscosity bone cement.We collected data of basic clinical information，bone cement diffusion in the CT image，bone cement end plate diffusion in the X-ray，preoperative and postoperative VAS，ODI，operative time，the amount of bone cement injection，leakage of bone cement，preoperative and postoperative anterior vertebral height and kyphosis (Cobb angle)，and statistical analyzed the data with SPSS 20.0.Results There were a significant improvement of VAS scores，ODI，anterior vertebral height and kyphosis (P＜0.05).In the CT image，there were only 7 cases (9.2％) unilateral diffusion，14 cases (18.4％) bilateral asymmetric diffusion，55 cases (72.4％) bilateral symmetrical diffusion.In the X-ray，the diffusion of no endplate，one end plate and both end plates were 4 cases(5.3％)，18 cases (23.7％)，54 cases (71.0％)，respectively.But there were 19 cases (25％) cement leakage.Conclusion Unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty with high viscosity bone cement can significantly alleviate the pain of patients，lead to bone cement symmetrical diffuse to the both sides of vertebral anterior column and diffuse to both superior and interior of vertebral end plates，restore the height of the vertebral body，balanced intensify the fractured vertebral body to obtain better biomechanics，increase stiffness and strength the fractured vertebral body to reduce the risk of refracture，but this do not increase the risk of bone cement leakage.
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