Objective  To investigate the correlation between the occurrence of postoperative delirium and the level of inflammatory factors in the elderly patients after total hip arthroplasty.Methods  182 patients aged more than years with total hip arthroplasty were enrolled in this study and divided into delirium group (58 cases) and control group (124 cases) by reference to disturbance of consciousness.The levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP)，interleukin (IL)-1β，IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured before operation and 1h and 6h after operation.The correlation between the above indexes and the postoperative delirium was analyzed.Results  Compared with before operation，the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 at 1h and 6h after operation and CRP at 6h after operation in the delirium group，and the levels of IL-6 at 1h and 6h after operation and CRP at 6h after operation in the control group were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group，the level of IL-1β at 1h after operation and IL-6 at 6h after operation in the delirium group was significantly higher(P＜0.05).Regression analysis showed that the level of IL-1β at 1 hour after operation and IL-6 at 6h after operation was an independent risk factor of postoperative delirium(P＜0.05).Conclusion  The incidence of delirium in elderly patients with total hip arthroplasty is high，and early detection of IL-1β and IL-6 levels can help to predict the risk of postoperative delirium.