摘要目的 探讨全颈椎(whole cervical spine,WCS)屈伸运动时上颈椎(upper cervical spine,UCS)及下颈椎(Subaxial cervical spine,SCS)在矢状面的屈伸运动特点。方法 2014年2月至2017年1月排除骨性畸形的男性57例,年龄12~84岁,平均(45.9±15.0)岁;女性66例,年龄21~81岁,平均(49.0±15.4)岁。在WCS中立、过伸及过屈侧位数字化X线片上绘制C2椎体后缘线(posterior edge of C2 vertebral body,PEC2)、C6椎体后缘线(posterior edge of C6 vertebral body,PEC6)、下颌底线(inferior edge of mandible,IEM)。测量各姿势下IEM与PEC2夹角[即UCS角(angle of UCS,AUCS)]、PEC2与PEC6夹角[即SCS角(angle of SCS,ASCS)]、IEM与PEC6夹角[即WCS角(angle of WCS,AWCS)]。计算WCS由过屈向中立(F→N)、中立向过伸(N→E)及过屈向过伸(F→E)变换时各自角度变化(range of angle,RA)并进行统计学比较。结果 男性、女性的RAWCSF→N分别为(25.50±11.3)°、(24.80±9.50)°,RAUCSF→N分别为(8.50±8.40)°、(7.70±7.2 0)°,RASCSF→N分别为(17.0±8.70)°、(17.50±7.50)°,RAWCSN→E分别为(33.30±13.8)°、(39.30±16.90)°,RAUCSN→E分别为(13.70±9.80)°、(15.60±8.20)°,RASCSN→E分别为(19.70±12.0)°、(23.40±13.60)°,RAWCSF→E分别为(58.90±15.00)°、(64.20±18.40)°,RAUCSF→E分别为(22.20±9.30)°、(23.30±8.20)°,RASCSF→E分别为(36.70±15.70)°、(40.90±15.90)°。随机单位组设计资料方差分析及配对t检验示,WCS在F→N,N→E及F→E过程中,RA主要发生于SCS而非UCS(P<0.01);男性RAWCS和RAUCS,女性RAWCS、RAUCS和RASCS在N→F阶段变化明显小于N→E阶段(P<0.05),男性的ARSCSF→N与ARSCSN→E差别无统计学意义。WCS在屈伸过程中,部分UCS或SCS出现逆向运动,少数病例屈伸主要发生于UCS。结论 总体而言,WCS屈伸主要发生在SCS,但个别病例在UCS。WCS中立位并非WCS、UCS及SCS屈伸的中点,而是靠近屈侧(男性SCS除外)。
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